Paulo Pereira Monteiro
University of Aveiro, Portugal
Photonics in Radar and LiDAR Systems
Biography:
Paulo P. Monteiro received the diploma “Licenciatura” in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering from the University of Aveiro in 1988, the M.Sc. in Electronic Engineering, from the University of Wales UK, in 1990 and the Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, from the University of Aveiro, in 1999. Presently, he is Associate Professor at the University of Aveiro and Senior Researcher at the Instituto de Telecomunicações. His main research interests include Optical Communication Networks and Microwave Photonics. He tutored and co-tutored successfully more than 14 PhD’s, having participated in more than 28 research projects (national and international). He has authored/co-authored more than 18 patent applications and over 110 papers in journals and 380 conference contributions. He is a member of the ECOC Technical Program Committee and Senior Member of IEEE.
Abstract :
Timing: 9:30:00 to 10:05:00 EDT
We extend the concept of the Langmuir type (1) “Hoop Earrings'' rotating Helium-like model trajectories [1] used in the early attempts to impose the Hydrogen Bohr atom quantization from the even 2N electrons two-plane configurations to the multiplane 2N even or 2N + 1 odd number or electrons. While our recently discovered 2N electron Helium naturally extended 2-electron Langmuir trajectories consist of only two layers of electrons moving in phase on the two parallel circles with electron configurations placed at the vertices of angles of regular polygons also parallel in space placed symmetrically on the two parallel planes with respect to the nucleus and also one being the perpendicular projection of the other that multi-layer for 2N or 2N + 1 electrons consist of k parallel layers where k is the divisor of the 2N or 2N + 1 and for the odd k with the one layer embedded in the plane containing the atom nucleus. When the 2N + 1 is prime, there is only one layer forming the regular polygon. Additionally, the polygons on one side of this plane can be of a different size so the whole configuration forms a “Wigner Diamond''. Similar to the 2N two-layer case, the addition of the Circularly Polarized electromagnetic field with the electric field rotating in planes of the field free electrons is causing the shape polarization distortion from the discrete rotational symmetry group of the resulting “Barrel” polyhedron. The classical stabilization of the trajectories by the combination of fields further leads to the existence of non-dispersing localized wave packets moving around the trajectories [2].
The time-dependent Hartree simulations confirming the existence of such Wave Packets in selected cases and the simulations using our recently developed Time-Dependent Quantum Diffusion Monte Carlo Method, are conducted.
Alexander G. Ramm
Kansas State University, USA
Creating Materials with a desired Refraction Cofficient
Biography:
Alexander G. Ramm is a Professor Emeritus of Mathematics with broad interests in analysis, scattering theory, inverse problems, theoretical physics, engineering, signal estimation, tomography, theoretical numerical analysis, and applied mathematics. He is the author of 708 research papers, 20 research monographs, and is the editor of 3 books. A. G. Ramm has solved inverse scattering problems with fixed-energy scattering data, with non-over-determined scattering data and has studied scattering problems with under-determined scattering data. He has solved many specific inverse problems and developed new methods in this area. He has also solved the many-body wave scattering problem when the bodies are small particles of arbitrary shapes and used this theory to give a recipe for creating materials with a desired refraction coefficient. These results attracted attention from the scientists working in nanotechnology. He gave formulas for the scattering amplitude for scalar and electro-magnetic waves by small bodies of arbitrary shapes and formulas for the polarizability tensors for such bodies. He gave a complete solution to the Pompeiu problem, proved the Schiffer’s conjecture, and gave first symmetry results in harmonic analysis. He has developed the Dynamical Systems Method (DSM) for solving linear and nonlinear operator equations, especially ill-posed. He developed a random fields estimation theory, proved nonlinear inequalities, and used these for obtaining new results in stability theory. He studied convolution integral equations and inequalities with hyper-singular integrals. Recently, he solved the millennium problem (concerning the Navier–Stokes Problem (NSP)) and proved the paradox in the NSP which shows the contradictory nature of the NSP and the non-existence of its solution on the interval t>0 for the non-zero initial data.
Abstract :
Timing: 10:40:00 to 11:35:00 EDT
The theory of acoustic and electromagnetic (EM) wave scattering by one and many small impedance particles of arbitrary shapes is developed. The basic as-assumptions are a<
This theory allows one to give a recipe for creating materials with a desired refraction coefficient.
One can create material with negative refraction: the group velocity in this material is directed opposite to the phase velocity.
One can create a material with the desired wave focusing property.
Equation is derived for the EM field in the medium in which many small impedance particles are embedded.
Similar results are obtained in [6] for heat transfer in the media in which many small particles are distributed.
The theory presented in this talk is developed in [1]-[9].
Practical realizations of this theory are discussed in [9].
References
[1] A.G.Ramm, Scattering of acoustic and electromagnetic waves by small bodies of arbitrary shapes. Applications to creating new engineered materials, Momentum Press, New York, 2013.
[2] A.G.Ramm, Many-body wave scattering problems in the case of small scatterers, J. of Appl. Math and Comput.,(JAMC), 41, N1, (2013),473-500.
[3] A.G.Ramm, Scattering of electromagnetic waves by many nano-wires, Mathematics, 1, (2013), 89-99.Open access Journal: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/mathematics
[4] A.G.Ramm, Wave scattering by many small bodies: transmission boundary conditions, Reports on Math. Physics, 71,N3, (2013), 279-290.
[5] A.G.Ramm, Scattering of EM waves by many small perfectly conducting or impedance bodies, J. Math. Phys. (JMP),56, N9, 091901, (2015).
[6] A.G.Ramm, Heat transfer in complex medium, In the book "The foundation of chaos revisited: from Poincare to recent advances", Editor C. Skiadas, Springer, 2016, pp. 119-136.
[7] A.G.Ramm, Creating materials with a desired refraction coefficient, IOP Concise Physics, Morgan and Claypool Publishers, San Rafael, CA, USA, 2017.
[8] A.G.Ramm, Many-body wave scattering problems for small scatterers and creating materials with a desired refraction coefficient, in the book "Mathematical Analysis and Applications: Selected Topics", Wiley, Hoboken NJ, 2018, Chapter 3,pp.57-76. (ed. M. Ruzhansky, H. Dutta, R. Agarwal)
[9] A.G.Ramm, Creating materials with a desired refraction coefficient, Second expanded edition, IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK, 2020.
David C Brown
Fellow of The Optical Society of America, Advanced Photonic Sciences, USA
Cryogenic Laser Technology
Biography:
Dr. David C. Brown is the Founder and CTO of Advanced Photonic Sciences, a renowned laser physicist and engineer, and is a pioneer in cryogenic high-power solid-state lasers and in the understanding of thermal effects in cryogenic and fiber lasers. He has published widely on high average power CW, picosecond, and frequency-doubled picosecond cryogenic Yb:YAG laser systems, and on the room-temperature and cryogenic spectroscopy of Yb:YAG, Ho:YAG, Yb:LuAG, and Yb:Lu2O3. He has held senior research positions at The Laboratory For Laser Energetics at The University of Rochester, Northrop-Grumman, and the GE Corporate Research and Development Center.
Dr. Brown is a Fellow of The Optical Society of America (OSA), and serves as a reviewer for over 16 laser and optics journals worldwide. He is a life member of OSA and IEEE, and a frequent contributor to their journals.
Abstract :
Timing: 10:05:00 to 10:40:00 EDT In view of the broad progress and applicability of cryogenic solid-state lasers, the development and investigation of this field have just begun. The future of cryogenically-cooled lasers will be discussed, with an emphasis on what directions may yield interesting or new physics and capabilities. These include further studies of crystals' physical, laser, optical, and thermo-optic parameters as temperatures are further lowered from 77 K towards 4.15 K and the resulting potential for further increases in average power with very low optical distortion. The investigation of linear and nonlinear properties of crystalline and rare-earth-doped glasses and the measurement of laser-induced damage thresholds as a function of temperature.
In this Plenary talk, we will discuss the history, development, and state-of-the-art of cryogenic solid-state lasers. The substantial advantages of cryogenic cooling will be discussed, and obstacles to further development examined. The variation of laser crystal thermal expansion coefficient α, thermal conductivity k, and the thermo-optic coefficient β will be examined as a function of temperature for a variety of laser crystals. We will discuss the variation in the thermally-induced phase in laser amplifiers and show how thermally-induced aberrations are dramatically reduced as the temperature is lowered, and examine the important new parameter ξ, defined as the magnitude of the thermally-induced phase distortion per unit laser output power. Optical and lasing properties also significantly vary with temperature. Absorption and emission lines typically increase in amplitude while the spectral bandwidths narrow. The need to determine Sellmeier equations at lower temperatures and the variation in the saturation fluence and intensity with temperature will all be discussed. We will also examine how cryogenic-cooling can be beneficial in the scaling up of laser systems with concomitant average and peak power and how laser beam quality is affected. Such a cryogenic amplifier system has been developed at APS.
Matt Kalinski
Utah State University, USA
Multi-Electron Trojan Wave Packets in the Circularly Polarized and the Magnetic Fields on the Multi-layer Langmuir Type (1) Trajectories in Helium Atoms and Quantum Dots
Biography:
Matt Kalinski (born 1968) is US theoretical physicist who discovered Trojan wave packets, sqeezed, coherent and intrinsically coordinate-entangled states of electrons in true atoms solving the long standing problem of interstellar rocket propulsion by extending the positron or positronium lifetime and control the arbitrary slowdown of the recombination process of antimatter in positronic rocket engine. Kalinski earned his PhD in Physics from the University of Rochester. The broad applications of his discovery of coherent non-dispersing electrons and electron pairs in atoms, polar molecules and heterodyne two-electron Rydberg atoms are important and not limited to photonic superconductivity, laser centrifugal isotope separation of Deuterium, theory of cold nuclear fusion in Palladium, detection of ultra-weak magnetic fields with Aharonov-Bohm effect, direct observation of Berry phase in single atoms, arbitrary quantum state preparation with the technique of chirped quantum painting, observation of Unruh-Davies effect as well as for the detection of possible gravitoelectromagnetic force and twisted corrections to Einstein equations and precise engineering of complex quantum dot systems.
Abstract:
Timing: 11:35:00 to 12:00:00 EDT
We extend the concept of the Langmuir type (1) “Hoop Earrings'' rotating Helium-like model trajectories [1] used in the early attempts to impose the Hydrogen Bohr atom quantization from the even 2N electrons two-plane configurations to the multiplane 2N even or 2N + 1 odd number or electrons. While our recently discovered 2N electron Helium naturally extended 2-electron Langmuir trajectories consist of only two layers of electrons moving in phase on the two parallel circles with electron configurations placed at the vertices of angles of regular polygons also parallel in space placed symmetrically on the two parallel planes with respect to the nucleus and also one being the perpendicular projection of the other that multi-layer for 2N or 2N + 1 electrons consist of k parallel layers where k is the divisor of the 2N or 2N + 1 and for the odd k with the one layer embedded in the plane containing the atom nucleus. When the 2N + 1 is prime, there is only one layer forming the regular polygon. Additionally, the polygons on one side of this plane can be of a different size so the whole configuration forms a “Wigner Diamond''. Similar to the 2N two-layer case, the addition of the Circularly Polarized electromagnetic field with the electric field rotating in planes of the field free electrons is causing the shape polarization distortion from the discrete rotational symmetry group of the resulting “Barrel” polyhedron. The classical stabilization of the trajectories by the combination of fields further leads to the existence of non-dispersing localized wave packets moving around the trajectories [2].
The time-dependent Hartree simulations confirming the existence of such Wave Packets in selected cases and the simulations using our recently developed Time-Dependent Quantum Diffusion Monte Carlo Method, are conducted.
Hisham Menkara
PhosphorTech Corporation, USA
Application of lasers in phosphor material development for solid-state lighting
Biography:
Dr. Menkara has a PhD in Physics from Georgia Tech and is one of the original founders of PhosphorTech Corporation and currently serving as its CEO. He has both technical and business backgrounds and has been involved in the basic development and commercialization of virtually all of the current product lines & services offered by PhosphorTech. He has over 20 years of experience in semiconductors, photonics/photodetectors, light-emitting devices, and phosphor technologies for light energy capture and conversion. He has developed and patented several novel materials, processes and devices for energy efficient lighting and material analysis. He has successfully managed and co-managed multi-million-dollar projects and in the process, transformed basic scientific concepts and feasibility studies on new materials and structures into actual commercial products. For the past 10 years, he has been additionally involved in the area of nanotechnology and specifically functional nano-materials for light harvesting and energy conversion.
Abstract:
Timing: 12:00:00 to 12:25:00 EDT
This theoretical study presents the dispersion of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and wave guide (WG) modes of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) thin-film stack following a photon or an electron excitation. In the present study [1], a continuation of a joint experimental-theoretical work [2], we investigate the photon reflectance and the transmitted flux of a local excitation of asymmetric MIMthin film stacks, respectively glass-Ti-Au-SiO2-Au-air and air-Au-SiO2-Au-Ti-glass. One obtains the infrared and visible spectral region dispersion for a wide range of SiO2 and gold thicknesses, dSiO2 and dAu. Between 1.4 and 2.0 eV in the emission direction of the in-plane wave vector kx/k0~1.05 and for thicknesses of SiO2and Au of 300-700 nm and 15-40 nm, respectively, the transmitted flux intensity is enhanced 12 or 25 times relative to the reference stacks of air-Au-glass and air-SiO2-glass. This enhancement is attributed to the coupling, through the avoided crossings, of the SPPair and WG modes. As the fields of the SPPair and WG modes are located in different regions of space, the enhancement is nearly independent of the number of nodes in the WG mode, which rises with the SiO2 thickness. In summary, we have identified sets of parameters giving rise to the observables enhancement in a MIM thin film stack. In the presentation, it will also be shown that this MIM thin film stack can be used to perform light polarization conversion. The present MIM thin film stack is a simple and versatile system for use in applications where light enhancement or light polarization conversion are needed.
Jadranka Vasiljevic
University of Belgrade, Serbia
Experimental realization of chiral photonic lattices
Biography:
Abstract:
Timing: 12:25:00 to 12:50:00 EDT We study linear characteristics and nonlinear self-action of elliptical Mathieu beams in a photorefractive crystal experimentally and numerically [8]. Linear propagation of such beams validates a nondiffracting transverse intensity distribution with transverse energy redistribution along elliptic paths compensated for in each point. In contrast, their nonlinear self-action breaks this sensitive equilibrium and leads to the formation of high-intensity filaments, which rotate in the direction determined by the energy flow. Our study advances the field of chiral light and photonic structures by pointing to the suitability of Elliptical Mathieu beams as light patterns for optical induction of chirally twisted photonic lattices with elliptic envelopes in the transverse plane. The order of the Elliptical Mathieu beam determines the number of created chiral waveguides, where the waveguide slopes can be manipulated by changing the nonlinearity strength or the structure size of the used beam.
Nondiffracting beams find their applications in optics, photonics, and atom physics. Particularly, their transverse intensity distribution propagates unchanged for hundreds of diffraction lengths, consequently allowing the creation of 1D and 2D photonic lattices with nondiffracting beams in photosensitive media [1-3]. Low diffraction and robustness of nondiffracting beams make them appropriate for deployment in free-space wireless communications, optical interconnections, long-distance laser machining, optical tweezers, biology, surgery, etc. There are four different propagation invariant light fields: Plane waves, Bessel, Weber, and Mathieu nondiffracting beams [4-7]. Mathieu beams are the solution of the Helmholtz equation in elliptic cylindrical coordinates [5-9], therefore being best suited to address physical effects described in elliptical coordinates. They are classified according to their symmetry properties as even and odd Mathieu beams. Elliptical Mathieu beams are obtained as a complex superposition of appropriate even and odd Mathieu beams, with remarkable continuously-modulated spatial phase distributions that create orbital angular momentum, related to a transverse energy flow [10]. Their transverse intensity distribution can be shaped by their order and the parameter of ellipticity.
Luis A Angurel
University of Zaragoza, Spain
Application of ultra-short pulse lasers in the restauration of historical stained-glass
Biography:
Abstract:
Timing: 12:50:00 TO 13:15:00 EDT
Stained-glass windows are one of the most amazing components in cultural heritage buildings. The application of laser technologies in conservation has widely been used. Still, short-pulse lasers open new opportunities for safe decontamination because they better control the volume affected by the laser treatment. In this work, the interaction of picoseconds and femtoseconds IR and UV pulsed lasers with some contemporary and historic stained glasses has been analyzed, exploring their applicability to restore stained-glass windows safely. It has been demonstrated that heat accumulation in the layer that is being eliminated during the cleaning process is enough to induce cracks on the glass due to the thermal stresses generated on the surface, even if the damage threshold of the glasses was above the irradiance or fluence levels used in the laser treatment.
In consequence, laser parameters have to be selected to minimize the temperature increase. Temperatures reached during the laser treatments have been recorded using a thermal camera. Two different alternatives have been explored. When it is possible, frequency values lower than 20 kHz are enough to avoid heat accumulation between consecutive pulses when the required distance between spots to obtain a uniform treatment is used. For laser systems working with frequencies in the range of several hundreds of kHz, the option is to work in burst mode, limiting the number of pulses in each position and selecting an adequate time lapse between two consecutive burst runs. A proof of concept was carried out on a colorless stained-glass sample from Cuenca Cathedral, dated at the end of the XV century, showing that it is possible to eliminate the external gypsum layer without affecting the pigments used to decorate the stained glass.
Vanessa Dalapria
UNINOVE- Nove de Julho University, Brazil
LED Photobiomodulation therapy combined with biomaterial as a scaffold promotes better bone quality in the dental alveolus in an experimental extraction model
Biography:
Abstract:
Timing: 13:35:00 to 13:50:00 EDT accelerates bone healing, activating osteoblasts, decreasing osteoclastic activity and improving the integration of the biomaterial with bone tissue. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (LED ?=850nm) on the bone quality of Wistar rats submitted to molar extraction with and without bone graft with hydroxyapatite biomaterial (Straumann® Cerabone®). Forty-eight rats were divided into five groups (n = 12): Baseline (no interventions); control (extraction); LED (extraction + LED); biomaterial (extraction + biomaterial) and biomaterial + LED (extraction + biomaterial + LED). Euthanasia occurred 15 and 30 days after extraction induction. The ALP analysis showed improvement in bone formation in the control and biomaterial + LED groups in 15 days (p = 0.0086 and p = 0.0379. In addition, the LED group had better bone formation compared to the other groups at 30 days (p = 0.0007, Bonferroni). In the analysis of AcP, all groups had lower resorption compared to the baseline group. Bone volume increased in the biomaterial, biomaterial + LED and basal groups compared to the control group at 15 days (p < 0.05, t-test). At 30 days, the basal group had greater volume compared to the control and LED groups (p < 0.05, t-test). The LED combined with the biomaterial improved bone formation in the histological analysis and decreased bone degeneration, promoting an increase in bone density and volume. In conclusion, LED may be an important therapy to be combined with biomaterials to promote bone formation, along with other known benefits of this therapy, such as pain control and the inflammatory process.
The loss of the dental element causes deformity and bone atrophy. On the other hand, bone grafting immediately after tooth extraction will enable rehabilitation with implants to restore mastication and aesthetics. Photobiomodulation
Poster:
Susyane Oliveira
UNINOVE- Nove de Julho University, Brazil
Effects of photobiomodulation on xerostomia in cancer patients undergoing oncological treatment. A randomized controlled clinical trial.
Biography:
Abstract:
Timing: 13:50:00 to 14:05:00 EDT
Xerostomia is defined as a subjective sensation of dry mouth described by patients, which is commonly related to hyposalivation (decreased salivary flow rate). Its etiology is multifactorial and can be associated with secondary salivary gland disease, systemic diseases, drugs, as well as head and neck radiotherapy, which is related to radiation dose, fraction size and duration of treatment. Xerostomia impairs speech, chewing and swallowing with a consequent worsening of the nutritional status and functional decline.
Therapeutic management of xerostomia includes oral hygiene with fluorate and antimicrobial agents, saliva substitutes and dialogic agents. In this context, Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an effective therapy for the supportive care of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, mainly in preventing high-grade mucositis. However, its
effects in the treatment of xerostomia in cancer patients are not yet established.
Objective: Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of PBM on xerostomia after radiotherapy in cancer patients receiving oncological treatment.
Materials and methods: This study will be a randomized, blind-controlled clinical trial in which cancer patients
(female or male) submitted previously to radiotherapy will be divided into 2 groups: G1 (experimental group), in which patients will receive the standard treatment for xerostomia and PBM and G2- (control group), in which patients will receive the standard treatment for xerostomia + PBM placebo. The parameters of PBM will be as follows: diode laser with emission at 808nm, 100mW, 4J per point and 40 sec. The irradiation will be applied in the parotid (3 points), submandibular (2 points) and sublingual glands (2 points) as well as in the oral mucosa, totaling 20 points. Patients will be treated 3x/week for 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure will be the Xerostomia Inventory and the secondaries will be the evaluation of speech, articulatory and nutritional assessment and sialometry.
Poster:
Erika Da Silva Mello
UNINOVE- Nove de Julho University, Brazil
The effect of preemptive photobiomodulation with infrared LED to prevent pain, trismus and edema in impacted lower third molar teeth surgery: A controlled clinical trials, double-blind, randomized.
Biography:
Abstract:
Timing: 14:05:00 to 14:20:00 EDT
The impacted lower third molar teeth surgery is indicated to prevent cists and pericoronitis. The pain, edema, and trismus are frequently associated with surgery, and analgesics, anti-inflammatory, and physiotherapy are indicated. The photobiomodulation post-surgery is effective in reducing edema, trismus, and pain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preemptive use of infrared LED to prevent pain, trismus, and edema on conditioned orofacial tissues. This randomized, double-blind clinical trial, randomized, double-blind evaluated the impact of preconditioning the tissues involved on impacted lower third molar teeth surgery to prevent these unwanted effects. The participants were divided into two groups, and 1h before the surgery, the treated group received photobiomodulation with infrared LED 850nm, 8J, the 80s, and the control group was used a similar device without irradiation. The participants were evaluated and received the corresponding treatment on the second and seventh days after surgery. After the second day, the treatment group demonstrated a significant pain reduction in relation to the placebo group (p = 0.006, Mann-Whitney); there was no significant change in trismus. The treatment group showed on the seventh-day post-surgery facial measurements statistically equal to pre-surgical values. This study demonstrated that the conditioning of the orofacial tissues involved in third molar surgeries using infrared LED with 850nm wavelength 8J, 80s, performed one hour before the surgical procedure, showed positive results in reducing post-operative pain.
Poster:
Silvia Pereira
UNINOVE- Nove de Julho University, Brazil
Research protocol application of diode laser in women with geniturinary menopause syndrome
Biography:
Abstract:
Timing: 14:20:00 to 14:35:00 EDT
Postmenopausal Genitourinary Syndrome (PGS) is caused by the physiological hypoestrogenism of the climacteric and results in several urinary, genital, and sexual alterations. Brazilian women live about a third of their life after menopause, where hormonal changes occur along with clinical manifestations, characterized by vaginal and vulvar dryness, burning, discomfort, vulvovaginal irritation, lack of lubrication, dyspareunia, dysuria, pollakiuria, and recurrent urinary infections. Fractionated photothermolysis and radiofrequency systems, alone or in combination, were tested to improve PGS. The goal of this project is to evaluate the clinical response of patients with symptoms of genitourinary menopause syndrome after the application of photobiomodulation in the vagina and its introit. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study protocol, 60 women, aged 50 years or older, with complaints of postmenopausal PGS, which will be randomized according to in two groups (placebo control and treatment), as shown in Figure 1. The treatment group (n=30) will receive four consecutive applications, using laser diode DMC (808 nm), 4J per point, 100mW of power, 510mW/cm², beam area of 0.2cm², 8 sites in the external vagina, for 40s in each site, once per week for 4 weeks. The Placebo Group (n=30) will be handled as treated but with the laser turned off. The life quality will be analyzed by using a visual analog scale (VAS), female sexual functioning index (FSFI-6), urinary incontinence questionnaire (ICIQ-SF), Vaginal Health Index Score (VHI) and compared between groups. Also, the vaginal temperature will be measured using a thermal camera, the pressure of the pelvic floor force (vaginal dynamometer) and a 1-hour Pad Test performed to quantify the urinary loss. All data will be analyzed regarding its distribution and an appropriate inferential test will be applied. With this procedure, we intend to obtain an overall better life quality and diminished symptoms in women with PGS.
Poster:
Tania Schalch
UNINOVE- Nove de Julho University, Brazil
Evaluation of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of pericoronitis: A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial
Biography:
Abstract:
Timing: 14:35:00 to 14:50:00 EDT
Pericoronitis is a common disease in the eruption phase of third molars, sometimes debilitating. There is no consensus in the literature regarding a gold standard treatment. Studies using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) showed promising results of aPDT in the treatment of symptoms of pericoronitis, which could be an interesting alternative therapy because it is easy to perform and does not cause bacterial resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new formula of methylene blue (MB) in aPDT for pericoronitis. In this controlled trial, 10 individuals with pericoronitis were randomized into the positive control group (n = 5): irrigation with sterile saline and aPDT (conventional MB at 0.005% concentration and irradiation with low-intensity laser λ = 660 nm, 9J per point and radiant exposure of 318 J/cm2), and the experimental group (n = 5): treatment identical to G1, however MB were delivered in a new formulation for oral use. We analyzed the pain, edema and mouth opening. The variables were evaluated in baseline and on the 4th day after aPDT. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA two-way supplemented by the Bonferroni test. Significant values were p< 0.05. No statistical improvement in pain or swelling was observed in either group after treatments. In both groups, there was a significant improvement in mouth opening, with a better result on the 4th day in favor of the experimental group. The results suggest that aPDT is an efficient therapy in the treatment of trismus caused by pericoronitis and that the new MB formula is more efficient than the conventional one for this purpose. Larger samples, as well as new studies, are needed for further conclusions.
Poster:
Vanessa De Souza
UNINOVE- Nove de Julho University, Brazil
Transcutaneous systemic photobiomodulation reduces lung inflammaion in experimental model of asthma
Biography:
Abstract:
Timing: 14:50:00 to 15:05:00 EDT
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent and reversible episodes of wheezing, dyspnea, chest stiffness and cough. Its treatment includes several drugs, high cost, and considerable side effects. Photobiomodulation (PBM) emerges as an alternative treatment, showing good results, and it can be applied locally or systemically. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous systemic photobiomodulation (TSPMB) by red diode light. Therefore, adult rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) plus alum for induction of asthma and irradiated or not with TSPBM in the caudal vein (Wavelength 660 ± 10nm; Total Radiant Emission 15 J; Area 2.8 cm²; Energy density 5.35 J/cm²; Irradiance 33.3 mW/cm²; Exposure time 150 s). Our investigations prioritized the cell migration into the alveolar space and lung, tracheal responsiveness, release and gene expression of cytokines, mast cell degranulation, and anaphylactic antibodies. Our results showed that TSPBM reduced the cell migration and mast cell degranulation without altering the tracheal responsiveness and ovalbumin antibody titers. Indeed, TSPBM increased interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels in the BAL fluid without altering the gene expression of cytokines in the lung tissue. Thus, this study showed that transcutaneous systemic irradiation reduced lung inflammation by altering mast cells degranulation and IL-10 level. Further studies investigating different dosimetric parameters are needed in order to improve the effects of the TSPMB
Jose Aguilera
UNINOVE- Nove de Julho University, Brazil, Brazil
Sistemic photobiomodulation therapy on vascular activity under experimental diabetes model
Biography:
Abstract:
Timing: 15:05:00 to 15:20:00 EDT Vascular Diseases are related to damage to vascular structures, with a correlation between lifestyle habits such as food, sedentary, obesity, tobacco, dyslipidemia associated with other metabolic disorders. Diabetes Mellitus affects 20% of the world population. It’s a chronic and not transmissible disease related to carbohydrates and lipids altered metabolism, which is a consequent formation of Atherosclerotic Plate’s Disease. Photobiomodulation Therapy is widely used to repair vascular structures altered due to Diabetes Mellitus. The Goal pursuit for this study is to know the repair mechanism involved in a PBMT for Diabetes damaged vessels, and their properties, into physics variations and gene expression for repair due to the action of PMBT.
Poster:
