Dieter Bimberg
Technical University Berlin, Germany and Bimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics of the CAS at CIOMP, Changchun, China
Keynote Title: Nanostructures for flying q-bits and green photonics
Biography:
Dieter H. Bimberg received the Diploma in physics and the Ph.D. degree from Goethe University, Frankfurt, in 1968 and 1971, respectively. From 1972 to 1979 he held a Principal Scientist position at the Max Planck-Institute for Solid State Research in Grenoble/France and Stuttgart. In 1979 he was appointed as Professor of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Aachen. Since 1981 he holds the Chair of Applied Solid State Physics at Technical University of Berlin. He was elected in 1990 Excecutive Director of the Solid State Physics Institute at TU Berlin, a position he hold until 2011. In 2004 he founded the Center of Nanophotonics at TU Berlin, which he directed until 2015. From 2006 -2011 he was the chairman of the board of the German Federal Government Centers of Excellence in Nanotechnologies. His honors include the Russian State Prize in Science and Technology 2001, his election to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 2004, to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2011, to the American Academy of Engineering in 2014, to the American Academy of Inventors 2016, as Fellow of the American Physical Society and IEEE in 2004 and 2010, respectively, the Max-Born-Award and Medal 2006, awarded jointly by IoP and DPG, the William Streifer Award of the Photonics Society of IEEE in 2010, the UNESCO Nanoscience Award and Medal 2012 and the Heinrich-Welker-Award 2015. In 2015 he was bestowed the D.Sc.h.c. of the University of Lancaster, UK and in 2018 the Dr.h.c. from the Research University St.Petersburg of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2018 he received the Holonyak Award of the Optical Society of America. 2017-18 he served as Einstein Professor at CIOMP of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. .Since 2018 he is the director of the Bimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences at CIOMP. He has authored more than 1500 papers, 36 patents, and 7 books resulting in more than 56,000 citations worldwide and a Hirsch factor of 106 (@ google scholar). His research interests include the growth and physics of nanostructures and nanophotonic devices, ultrahigh speed and energy efficient photonic devices for information systems, single/entangled photon emitters for quantum cryptography and ultimate nanoflash memories based on quantum dots.
Abstract:
Universal self-organization and self-ordering effects at surfaces of semiconductors lead to the formation of coherent zero-dimensional clusters, quantum dots (QDs). The electronic and optical properties of QDs, being smaller than the de-Broglie-wavelength in all three directions of space are close to those of atoms in a dielectric cage than of solids. Their delta-function-like energy eigenstates are only twofold (spin) degenerate [1]. All few particle excitonic states are strongly Coulomb correlated due to the strong carrier localisation. Their energies depend on shape and size of the dots, such that positive, zero or negative biexciton binding energies and fine-structure splitting (caused by exchange interaction) appear [2].
Consequently, single QDs present the most practical possible basis of emitters of single polarized photons (Q-bit emitters) on demand or entangled photons via the biexciton-exciton cascade for future quantum cryptography, repeaters and communication systems [3]. Embedding them in electrically pumped resonant cavity structures, they can emit single photons at rates beyond 1 Gbit/s. Using GaN-based structures room temperature operation is possible [4].
Multiple QD layers, as active materials for nano-optoelectronic devices like edge and surface emitting lasers, or semiconductor optical amplifiers, are extremely promising. Their properties, in particular their energy efficiency, are outperforming those of photonic devices based on higher dimensional systems.
Semiconductor nanotechnologies transform presently to enabling technologies for new economies. The commercialization of nano-devices and systems has started. High bit rate and secure quantum cryptographic systems[4], nano-flash memories [5], ultra-high speed nano-photonic devices for metropolitan area networks, the 400 Gbit/s Ethernet,… present some of the first fields of applications of nano-devices [6].
Santiago Royo
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
Keynote Title: State of the art of lidar imaging for autonomous vehicles
Biography:
Santiago Royo, PhD, is currently professor at UPC and VP of Business Development of Beamagine S.L (2016, Barcelona), a company devoted to the development and commercialization of novel 3D electrooptic vision systems based on lidar imaging. He is co-founder of two more photonics-based spin-off companies: SnellOptics (2002, Terrassa, Spain), devoted to marketing quality plastic optical components; and ObsTechSpA (2012, Santiago, Chile) commercializing systems for internet-controlled telescopes. He holds 17 patents, 11of them licensed to four different companies, and over 50 refereed publications. He has been Director of the Center for Sensor, Instruments and System Development (CD6), a research and innovation center in Optical Engineeringin Greater Barcelona for the last 10 years, and has participated and led research projects involving different optical metrology techniques for the last 20 years. He is also member of the Board of Stakeholders of Photonics21, and co-secretary of the Spanish Platform for Photonics Fotónica21.
Abstract:
All types of autonomous vehicles have been proposed in the late times, for almost any type of transportation modality. The increase in safety and the push forward of novel models of mobility are turning vehicles into robotic (automobiles, railway, boats…). Such a trend implies additional sensing capabilities on board, which brings on constraints regarding size, cost and performance of the sensors. Lidar imagers are on the spot, as far as there is now a general agreement on the need of a 3D sensor with depth perception to complement cameras and radars in a data fusion environment. In this lecture we will overview the main aspects to be considered in a lidar imager, starting from the typical specifications of sensing in an autonomous vehicle, the different components and measurement strategies involved, and an overlook at which are the key components being used. It will be explained how the limitation and why combining all specifications with the needs of the application ends up being so complex. Some of the approaches known will be discussed, and examples of performance of lidar imagers will be also presented.
Alexander A Oraevsky
TomoWave Laboratories, USA
Keynote Title: Biomedical optoacoustic imaging: Exponential growth from the first ideas to clinical trials
Biography:
Alexander obtained a doctorate in laser spectroscopy and laser biophysics from the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1986. In 1992, as Whitaker Fellow, he joined the faculty at Rice University, where he invented and performed pioneering research in optoacoustic imaging. Prior to his leadership position at TomoWave Laboratories, he was a Chief Scientific Officer at Seno Medical Instruments, Vice President of R&D at Fairway Medical Technologies, Director of the Optoacoustic Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston and an Assistant Professor at the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Presently he holds a Santander Chair of Excellence in Physics at the University Carlos III of Madrid, Distinguished Professor of Medical Imaging at Guangzhou Medical University, an adjunct Professor of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Houston. Alexander is the holder of 21 patents, has published ten book chapters and over 200 scientific papers dealing with novel laser technologies applicable in biology and medicine. Dr. Oraevsky is the recipient of multiple research awards advancing biomedical applications of the optoacoustic imaging sensing and monitoring. Dr. Oraevsky is the founder and Chair of the largest conference in the field of laser optoacoustic ultrasonic imaging under the auspices of SPIE.
Abstract:
Optoacoustic imaging established its place in the main stream medicine due to its capability to provide physician not only with anatomical, but also functional and molecular information. This lecture will discuss development of the field of optoacoustic imaging from pioneering works that set the basic principles of the technology to the first in vivo images, to the most recent validation of clinically viable systems, and finally our vision of the future medical imaging modalities and their applications in the main stream medicine and surgery. Since clinically viable applications require visualization of tissues at the depth of at least 1 cm, we are most interested in the optoacoustic technologies that enable high resolution imaging in the depth of tissue.
Discoveries that made optoacoustic imaging the most rapidly developing biomedical imaging technology in the 21st century are that (1) laser pulses may be effectively used to produce ultrawide-band acoustic pressure (ultrasonic waves) in biological tissues, which carry its main energy in the lower frequency range and, thus, propagate in tissues with minimal attenuation, (3) 2D and 3D images of the absorbed optical energy can be reconstructed with high resolution under the illumination condition of pressure confinement in the course of the optical energy deposition in a voxel to be resolved.
2D and 3D system designs will be discussed along with their advantages and limitations for specific biomedical applications. The most important results obtained by our group in the past 25 years will be presented, including in vivo preclinical and clinical functional-anatomical maps of vasculature and tumors. Diagnostic imaging of breast cancer motivated development of the first optoacoustic imaging systems in the early years, and today it has become the first commercially available clinical application. Many more clinical applications of the optoacoustic imaging will be commercialized in the near future. The technological developments that will transform optoacoustic imaging systems into compact and robust clinical modalities are the high power diode lasers and the supersensitive ultrawide-band ultrasonic detectors.
Crina Cojocaru
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
Second harmonic generation in spatially randonized crystals: application to ultrashort pulse characterization
Biography:
Crina Cojocaru received her BSc and MSc in Physics from the University “Al. I. Cuza”, Romania, in 1996 and the PhD degree in Physics from the Polytechnic University of Catalunya, Barcelona in 2002. After two years as a Marie Curie post-doc researcher at LPN - CNRS in Paris, she joined the Physics Department at Polytechnic University of Catalunya, Barcelona, first as post-doc researcher in 2004, later as a lecturer in 2006 and since 2008 she is an associate professor.
Her research covers different aspects of Photonics, focuses but is not limited to linear and nonlinear optics in a variety of materials, such as photonic crystals, metamaterials and random structures, ultrashort laser pulse characterization, laser beam shaping and control at micrometric scale using photonic crystals. These fields are reflected in more than sixty-five articles in peer reviewed journals, eighty international conferences with more than twenty-five invited talks. She is co-inventor in one European patent, and has authored two book chapters.
She has participated in a large number of research projects (six of them as PI) and has supervised 5 PhD thesis and more than 15 Master and Bachelor degree thesis. She is an active member of several steering committees of international scientific conferences and member of the Optical Society of America, European Physical Society, Royal Spanish Society of Physics and Catalan Society of Physics.
At academic level, she teaches different courses on nonlinear optics, photonics and experimental physics for BSc and Master program students. She is currently the director of the Inter-University Master in Photonics “PhotonicsBCN” and of the Joint Master Erasmus Mundus “Europhotonics-POESII” (Spain, France and Germany).
Abstract:
The precise characterization of ultrashortlaser pulses is a challenging task and ahot topic of research, since this kind of lasers are nowadays implemented in different applications. In Westudy and discuss the spatial distributed second harmonic generation obtained in a disordered nonlinear crystal, having a random size and distribution of nonlinear domains with homogeneous refractive index. The particular distribution of the nonlinear domains generatea transverse second harmonic signal emitted in all directions of the plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, with a similarefficiency over a very broad wavelength range, without the need of the phase matching condition. On the other hand, the crystal itself serves as a highly dispersive and ultra-broadband nonlinear medium, acting on the pulse propagating trough it.
We implement these particular nonlinear properties of such crystal todifferent configurations of anovel single shot auto- or cross-correlation technique, capable of measuring the most important parameters of an ultrashort laser pulse: pulse duration, chirp parameter, wave front tilt and, in a particular configuration, also the spectral phase. This method does not require phase matching condition nor sensitive alignment of thin nonlinear crystals and the same set-up can be used for the measurements of pulses with duration between 30 fs and 1 ps and wavelength in the range of 800 and 2000 nm.
We show that the same effect can be implemented to an indirect, non-destructive optical method for domain statistic characterization in random nonlinear crystals. We apply this technique to the characterization of different random media, with drastically different statistical distributions of ferroelectric domains.
Konrad ALTMANN
LAS-CAD GmbH, Germany
Embedding the photon with its relativistic mass as a particle into the electromagnetic wave explains the Gouy phase shift as an energetic effect
Biography:
Konrad Altmann has completed his PhD in Physics from the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany, at 1975. The issue of his thesis was the quantum mechanical description of molecular spectra. For this work, he obtained the marking "with excellence". From 1976 to 1991 he was with the industrial company Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm and developed a computer program for the description of a gas dynamic CO2 laser. From 1991 to 1993 he was with the German Aerospace and developed computer programs and published papers concerning laser beam propagation in the atmosphere. In 1993 he founded the company LAS-CAD GmbH with the purpose to integrate different simulation tools, necessary for the analysis of the multi-physics interaction in solid-state lasers, into the commercial program LASCAD. This program provides the laser engineer with the ability of a quantitative understanding of the complicated effects in laser systems. He has over 25 years of progressively responsible experience in computational physics especially in the fi eld of optics. He wrote more than 40 scientifi c publications in molecular physics, propagation engineering and laser technology and applied for 38 patents of which 15 have been granted. He also wrote programs for the simulation of laser beam propagation in the atmosphere. In 2014 he was becoming Adjunct Professor of the National Engineering Center for DPSSL of the Chinese Academy of Science.
Abstract:
In the paper "Embedding the photon with its relativistic mass as a particle into the electromagnetic wave" [K. Altmann, Opt. Express 26(2), 1375-1389 (2018)] a new aspect concerning the relationship between photon and electromagnetic wave has been developed by considering the question why the energy and the mass density of an electromagnetic wave are propagating in the same direction. For instance, in optical resonators the energy density usually propagates along curved lines. However, according to Newton's first law the mass density should propagate along a straight line, if no force is exerted it. In order to solve this problem, which represents a contradiction between fundamental physical laws, the assumption has been made that a transverse force is exerted on the mass density and in consequence on the mass of the photons which forces them to follow the propagating energy density. This force has been computed by considering the infinitesimal change of the normalized Poynting vector with respect to an infinitesimal propagation step. Integration of the negative value of this force along the curvature of the phase front shows that the photon is moving within a transverse potential. This potential allows to describe the transverse quantum mechanical motion of the photon by the use of a Schrödinger equation which is identical with the Schrödinger equation describing the motion of the electron, except that the mass of the electron is replaced by the relativistic mass of the photon. In this way, it could for the first time be shown that the Schrödinger equation is also describing the motion of a particle which has no rest mass. The eigensolutions χnm(x,y,z) of this Schrödinger equation allow to compute the probability density |χnm(x,y,z)|² of the photons propagating with an electromagnetic wave. This seems to show, how the photon can be assumed to be embedded with its relativistic mass as a particle into the electromagnetic wave. The obtained results have been verified for the case of the plane, the spherical, and the Gaussian wave. In case of a Gaussian wave it could be shown that the probability density |χnm(x,y,z)|² )|² of the photon computed in this way is in full agreement with the normalized local intensity provided by paraxial wave optics for a Gaussian mode of order n,m. In addition, also the Guoy phase shift could be computed by the use of this particle picture in full agreement with the result obtained by the use of wave optics. This demonstrates that the Gouy effect can be equivalently understood as a wave optics as well as a quantum mechanical effect. In the paper "Explaining the Gouy phase shift as an energetic effect" [K. Altmann, accepted for publication by OSA in Continuum] it could furthermore be shown that the Guoy phase shift represents an energetic to effect. For this purpose, the above described results are used to show that in case of a Gaussian wave the effective axial propagation constant can be expressed as kz(z)=[Eph-Enm(z)]/(?c) where Eph is the total energy of the photon, and the Enm(z) are the energy eigenvalues of the transverse quantum mechanical motion of the photon. Since according to this result ?ckz(z) represents a real energy, it has been concluded that also the effective axial propagation constant represents a real propagation constant. This leads to the conclusion that λnm=2π/ kz(z)=hc/[Eph-Enm(z)] represents the real local wave length of the photon at the position z. According to this conclusion, λnm(z) increases inversely proportional to the energy difference Eph-Enm(z), which decreases with decreasing z, and therefore, describes the Gouy phase shift in agreement with wave optics. This shows that the deeper physical reason for Gouy phase shift consists in the fact that the energy of the photon is increasingly converted into its transverse quantum mechanical motion when the photon approaches the focus. This explains the Gouy phase shift as an energetic effect.
Konstantin Zhuravlev
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Russia
ORAL PRESENTATION: The prospect of a green laser based on AlGaN/AlN structures heavily doped with silicon
Biography:
ZHURAVLEV Konstantin Sergeevich is the Head of Laboratory of MBE growth of III-V semiconductor, Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Russian Siberian Brach of Academy of Sciences (ISP SB RAS). He received his M.S. from Novosibirsk Institute of Electrical Engineering, 1979, Ph.D. from Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 1992, and DSc from Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 2006 respectively. From 1982 to 1992, he was engaged in the research of the Laboratory of Nonequilibrium Processes in Semiconductor. In 1993 he joined to Laboratory of MBE growth of III-V semiconductor where has investigated photoluminescence of gallium arsenide films and gallium arsenide-based low-dimensional structures as well as luminescence properties of Si nanocrystals and II-VI nanocrystals. Currently, his research interests include the study of the MBE growth and photoluminescence of III-V semiconductor materials and nanostructures, the design and manufacture of a new type heterostructures for optical and electronic devices.
Abstract:
The AlxGa1-xN alloys with a bandgap in the range of 3.4–6.2 eV has emerged as perspective semiconductor materials with applications to laser sources. Luminescent properties of the AlxGa1-xN films with Si dopant concentration more than 1020 cm-3 grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates with AlN buffer film were investigate. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy was employed to study the donor-acceptor pair transitions in the AlxGa1-xN/AlN/Al2O3 structures with Al mole fraction x from 0.56 to 1 under action of Nd:YAG laser radiation with λ = 266 nm (4.66 eV).
The radiation inside planar waveguide consists of spontaneous emission and amplified spontaneous emission. The spontaneous emission spectra demonstrated inhomogeneous broadening with FWHM of 0.51 eV covers full visible range and propagate randomly in all directions. The measured values of quantum yield of spontaneous luminescence are ~ 0.8, 0.5, 0.14 for Al0.74Ga0.26N, Al0.65Ga0.35N and Al0.5Ga0.5N films, respectively.
The amplified spontaneous emission propagates at near the critical angle of incidence along zigzag path under total internal reflection conditions at the interfaces of the waveguide. Its spectrum consists of several TEm and TMm modes, which have mutually orthogonal polarizations. The optical measured gains are equals to g ≈ 58 cm-1 for Al0.65Ga0.35N at 510 nm and g ≈ 20 cm-1 for Al0.74Ga0.26N films at λ = 528 nm, applying the stripe excitation method under optical pumping. The decay curves of the amplified spontaneous emission from the films after action of pumping radiation is described by the sum of two exponential dependences with characteristic time as τf (the fast decay time) and τs (the slow decay time). Experimental results shows that the τf decreases as a function of the pump power density. When the pump power density is reduced to zero, then τf approaches the spontaneous decay time τs, which are differ for the various structures. Decay times τs for Al0.74Ga0.26N and Al0.65Ga0.35N films are equals to 90 ns and 40 ns respectively. The estimated emission cross-sections s are 1.5×10-18 and 3.1×10-18 cm2 for the Al0.74Ga0.26N and Al0.65Ga0.35N structures respectively. Using the values for the optical gain values, we find the population inversion ΔN ≈ 1.3×1019 cm-3 for Al0.74Ga0.26N and ΔN ≈ 1.9×1019 cm-3 for Al0.65Ga0.35N films.
To obtain amplifying medium for light waves, the possible four level scheme for creating population inverse in AlGaN films was considered.
Konstantin G. Zloshchastiev
Durban University of Technology, South Africa
ORAL PRESENTATION: Quantum sustainability phenomenon in opticalsystems and its applications
Biography:
Will be updated shortly
Abstract:
We use the quantum-statistical density operator approach to illustrate that sustainability is a universal quantumphenomenon, which emerges during propagation of electromagnetic waves inside different media, such as waveguides, metamaterials or biological tissues.For illustrative purposes, we show twoexamples, of both natural and human-controlled systems, where this phenomenon occurs. First is theenvironment-assisted excitonic energy transfer in photobiological complexes, such as photosynthetic reaction centers or centers of melanogenesis inside living organisms or organelles. As a second example, we demonstrate how this phenomenon of sustainability can manifest itself in a large class of human-controlled EMW systems, such as optical couplers and amplifiers. An introductory reading: K. G. Zloshchastiev, Phys. Rev. B 94, 115136 (2016); Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 529, 1600185 (2017).
Wolfgang Schade
Fraunhofer HHI & Clausthal University of Technology, Germany
Fiber Optical Sensors for Medicine, Robotics and Smart Factories
Biography:
Will be updated shortly
Abstract:
The future concept for smart factories is directly correlated to the development of smart sensor concepts. Here photonic sensors can lead to considerably higher flexibility, user-friendliness and efficiency in automation, robotics, optimizing individual machine processes or human machine interaction. Integration of communication with sensors and actuators on the lowest field level provides a complete and consistent flow of information within the entire automation pyramid. Fiber optics enable guiding information and in combination with fiber embedded sensors (Lab-in-a-fiber) a simple sensor network can be established that fulfills the above mentioned requirements. Such concept allows completely new possibilities for gesture control in combination with smart glasses (virtual and augmented reality) to provide safe working places in harsh industrial environment but also supports workers at production lines with respect to ageing society.Different photonic sensor concepts will be described and discussed for various industrial and medical applications.
Jie Li
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
ORAL PRESENTATION: 5 J, 200 Hz Nd: YAG laser system with high beam quality
Biography:
Jie Li joins Academy of Opto-Electronics as an associate researcher in Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He received his BS from University of Science and Technology in China and his PhD from the College of Optics & Photonics at the University of Central Florida in USA. Jie’s primary research interests are in the field of Ultrafast Laser and Attosecond Science. He and his colleagues had developed a CEP-stabled, 3 mJ, 1.7 micron OPCPA laser system for driving isolated attosecond pulse in the soft X-ray spectrum range and demonstrated isolated 53 attosecond pulse with 300 eV photon energy.
Abstract:
An all-solid-state Nd:YAG laser system with high beam quality and excellent energy stability has been developed for Thomson scattering diagnosis. A 1.7 times diffraction limited output beam with a pulse energy of 5 J at 1064 nm is achieved for the first time with a pulse duration of 6.6 ns (FWHM) at 200 Hz repetition rate. The output energy fluctuation is only 0.71 % RMS over 6000 shots.
Matt Kalinski
Utah State University, USA
ORAL PRESENTATION: Dynamic rotative ferroelectricity of trojan electrons on multiple parallel interacting regular 2 -dimensional lattices
Biography:
Will be updated shortly
Abstract:
We have recently discovered that several types or regular two dimensional lattices like square, Honeycomb or face centered Honeycomb lattice are capable to support stable ferroelectric or antiferroelectric ordering of rotating dipole moments by a strong short-range dipole interactions collectively generating local Circularly Polarized electromagnetic fields self -consistently supporting Trojan or anti -Trojan Wave Packets [1]. Several parallel layers of such 2D lattices are considered here where we show that it is possible to obtain the native ferroelectric order of all atoms coherently carrying circulating persistent currents in the Trojan Wave Packet state where the inter -layer distance is sufficiently close and the interactions are sufficiently strong. We solve the system of the time -dependent Hartree equations within the nearest-neighbors Bethe-Peierls-Weiss approximation. We obtain the following effective Grss-Piaevskii-like equation for any lattice node
Where the summation is made over wi both the nearest neighbors position within a single lattice as well as nearest neighbors between the parallel lattices surrounding a given Trojan atom. In case of all 2D lattices in which we have previously found various ferroelectric orders with anti -Trojan Wave Packets and anti-ferroelectric orders with Trojan Wave Packets we find the native ferroelectric order when all hydrogen atoms are in the same Trojan Wave Packet state only if the inter -layer distance between the lattices is sufficiently close.
Xin (Scott) Yin
imec - Ghent University, Belgium
Design considerations of electronic-photonic integrated front-ends for high date rate digital communications
Biography:
Xin (Scott) Yin received the M.Sc. degree in Electronics Engineering from Fudan University, China in 2002 and Ph.D. degree in Electronic Engineering from Ghent University, Belgium in 2009. Since 2007, he has worked as a staff researcher in IMEC-INTEC and since 2013 he has been a professor in the INTEC department at Ghent University. He was and is active in European and International projects such as PIEMAN, EUROFOS, MARISE, C3PO, DISCUS, Phoxtrot, MIRAGE, SPIRIT, WIPE, Teraboard, STREAMS, 5G-PHOS, PICTURE and GreenTouch consortium. His research interests include high-speed opto-electronic circuits and transmitter/receiver subsystems, with emphasis on burst-mode receivers and clock data recovery ICs for optical access networks, and low power mixed-signal integrated circuit design for datacom/telecom/5G/IOT-sensing applications. He has authored and co-authored more than 180 journal and conference publications in the field of high-speed electronics and fiber-optic communication. In 2014, he led a team including researchers from imec, Bell Labs USA/Alcatel-Lucent and Orange Labs, which won the GreenTouch 1000x award in recognition of the invention of the Bi-PON protocol and sustained leadership.
Abstract:
The data rate of the signals being transported in today’s broadband networks is increasing at a steady pace, mainly due to the booming communication needs and numerous emerging applications. This puts enormous pressure on the links inside those networks.Electronic-photonic integrated circuits are the key to meeting the scalability and performance requirements entailed in such high rate communication systems. In EU H2020 project PICTURE, we are investigating co-design and integration of high-speed electronics with advanced modulators and detectors on a heterogeneous III-V on Silicon platform. This presentation discusses in detail the co-optimization methodology, design challenges and considerations for the electronic-photonic integrated front-ends.
Konstantin M Golant
Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
ORAL PRESENTATION: Fibre taper coated with zinc and bismuth chalcogenides thin film heterostructure
Biography:
Konstantin M. Golant, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Russian Federation State Prise laureate (2001) is a Principal Investigator at Kotel’nikov IRE RAS. Prior attending Kotel’nikov IRE RAS, he was a Head of Laboratory at the Fiber Optics Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. Hegraduated from Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology, received his PhD from Lebedev Physical Institute of USSR Academy of Sciencesand DSc from the General Physics Institute of RAS. He is an author and co-author of more than 200 articles in peer reviewed journals. His primary research interests are in the field of Material Science and Technology. Specifically, he is interested in plasma chemical glass synthesis, optical fibre technology, semiconductor physics, fiber lasers and sensors.
Abstract:
Optical fibre tapers coated with nanometre thick dielectric filmshaving significantlyhigher refractive index as compared to the glass of the fibre core can function as highly sensitive fibre sensorsin Bioengineering and Medicine. Their operating principleis basedon the lossy mode resonance (LMR), whichspectral position strongly depends on surrounding medium refractive index value.This happens due to a strong optical, electromagnetic field localizing in the coating film under the LMR conditions.In the case of tapers coated with bismuth or antimony chalcogenidesanothersignificant feature of field localizing in the coating film is associated with absorption saturation.The latter is an important property for the design of fibre lasers operating in the passively mode-locked regime. The aims of this study are to screen recent advances in the fabrication and investigation of thin film coated fibre tapers using metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. Zinc and bismuth chalcogenides thin film heterostructure is deposited along the lateral surface of tapered fibres with in situ recording of changes in fibre transmission spectra in the 1 -1.6 μm wavelength range. Dependences of the LMR on taper diameter and thickness of the coating film are addressed.
Ailing Zhang
Tianjin University of Technology, China
Tunable and reconfigurable integrated filter based on long-period waveguide grating
Biography:
Ailing Zhang is a professor in the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China and a member of Tianjin Optics Association. She received the master degree in optics from Nankai University in 1999, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering from The Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2003. Her current research interest is in the field of optical fiber communication devices and technologies, optical fiber sensing technology and microwave photon technology.
Abstract:
A tunable and reconfigurable integrated filter based on long-period waveguide grating is proposed and studied in this paper. It consists of a long-period waveguide grating fabricated on Lithium Niobate substrate and multiple electrode pairs deposited on both sides of gratings. The performances of the filter are analyzed theoretically and measured experimentally. The spectrum of the filter is tuned by adding same voltage on all electrode pairs and the spectrum function is reconfigured by applying different voltage on different electrode pairs due to the electro-optic effect in Lithium Niobate.
Mohammed Saad
Senior Scientist Thorlabs Inc., USA
Infrared optical fibers for passive and active applications: The challenges to bring the technology to the market
Biography:
Mohammed Saad is one of the world experts in fluoride glass and fluoride fiber technologies and their derivatives. He has more than 30 years of experience in both university and industrial research fields. He has over 70 publications and 25 invited talks in international conferences. In 1986 he obtained his PhD in fluoride glasses and fibers, from Rennes University in France. In 2003 he founded Irphotonics in Montreal (Canada), a leader in fluoride glass fibers technology. In 2013, Irphotonics has been acquired by Thorlabs. And since then Dr. Saad is a senior scientist at Thorlabs, Inc. in NJ, USA. He is a senior member of SPIE and OSA. He is member of technical committee of many international conferences.
Abstract:
Optical fibers are being increasingly used in many real applications, such as telecommunication, medicine, spectroscopy and sensing, astronomy, aerospace, military and industry…There are many optical materials than can be drawn into optical fibers, but there is no single material that can fulfill all application needs. Scientists and engineers have to select the right material for the right applications. The ideal candidate has to combine, mature drawing technology, good mechanical strength and transparency at the wavelength of interest high solubility of active ions, rare-earth elements, in addition to the ability to be cleaved and spliced along with the ability to write Brag gratings in the fibers. Silica fiber technology has been pulled up to the market, thanks to the huge telecommunication market. The technology is very mature and well established in many industrial and high technology applications. However, silica fibers are opaque above 2 microns. To extend the application range, other glass materials have been investigated, such as heavy metal glasses (mainly fluoride), chalcogenide, Tellurite, phosphate….Unfortunately, as these materials did not have a huge established marked, the investment was limited. To create this market one has to demonstrate that the technology is mature enough for application needs, and for that you need huge investment. To get the huge investment you need to prove that the technology is mature…. Furthermore, all components have to be developed such as sources, detectors, couplers, splitters…. Fluoride glasses are among exotic materials that have intensively investigated. This is of course due to their unique optical properties. With theoretical loss two orders of magnitudes lower that silica fibers one, they attracted many interest especially in telecommunication field. Unfortunately, after 25 years of intensive development this goal was not reached. However, this development has made the technology quite mature to address short and medium length applications. These markets have to be developed. The presentation will report the latest development of fluoride fibers technology and their applications. It will show examples of some products development. Furthermore, it will also highlight the challenges these emerging technologies are facing during their development cycles to get into the market place.
Ilya Yaroslavsky
Advanced Product Development, IPG Photonics, USA
Super pulsed regimes of diode and fiber lasers for surgical and therapeutic medical applications
Biography:
Ilya V Yaroslavsky received MSc degreesumma cum laude in Physics in 1990 and PhD degree in Laser Physics in 1994, both from Saratov State University (Saratov, Russia). From 1994 to 2000, he did his postdoctoral training in Heinrich Heine University (Düsseldorf, Germany), working on laser interstitial thermotherapy of brain tumors, and in Louisiana State University (Shreveport, LA), developing optical diffusion techniques for stroke diagnostics. He started his industrial carrier at Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. (Burlington, MA) in 2000 and in 2012 assumed position of the Vice President of Advanced Research of the company. In 2015, he joined IPG Medical Corporation (Marlborough, MA) as Manager for Advanced Product Development. His scientific interests include light-tissue interactions and use of lasers for biomedical applications. He has authored and co-authored more than 50 scientific papers and inventions.
Abstract:
Recent advances in laser technology expended applications of lasers in many medical fields. Ability to deliver sufficiently high energy in a short pulse while maintaining required average power (“super pulse”) is advantageous for a number of surgical and therapeutic procedures. Super Pulse (SP) regimes in Laser Diodes (LD) and Fiber Lasers (FL) offer numerous benefits over existing techniques. In this work, we have conducted thorough evaluation of two super-pulse LD and FL systems, respectively designed for treatment of soft tissues (in surgical and therapeutic modes) and stones of urinary tract (lithotripsy).
Systems evaliated:
- Super pulse LD system providing up to 30 W average and up to 150 W peak power at 980 nm wavelength. The laser was operated in various modes of control including those with thermal feedback. The following characteristics of the system performance were evaluated: 1) Speed and depth of cutting; 2) Degree of charring and dimensions of coagulative margin; 3) Effective treatment depth in therapeutic mode;
- Super pulse Thulium (Tm) FL system for lithotripsy capable of operation with up to 50 W average and 500 W peak power at 1940 nm wavelength. The in vitro experimental setup included a specially designed cuvette allowing quantitative assessment of size distribution of stone fragments and evaluation of the ablation rate. Magnitude of the retropulsion effect was measured as well.
Results:
- The SP laser diode system was compared with industry-leading conventional diode and CO2 devices. The results indicated that the super-pulse diode laser system yielded increase in speed of controlled cutting by a factor of 2-3 in comparison with the conventional diode laser and approaching that of CO2 device;
- In therapeutic mode, the SP regime of the laser diode system provided substantial increase in the effective treatment depth compared with CW regime at equal average power;
- The SP Tm fiber laser system was compared with leading Ho:YAG system on the market. The two systems were matched in terms of average power and/or pulse energy. Ablation rate measurements revealed that, depending on stone composition and laser settings, the Tm laser provided between 1.2 and 4.3 times faster ablation than the Ho system. The average retropulsion distance after a single pulse was substantially shorter with the Tm laser.
Conclusion:
Super-pulse technology implemented in laser diodes and fiber lasers may have significant potential for creating a new standard of care in surgical and therapeutic medical applications.
Ricardo Saad
Lumentum & University of Texas at Dallas, USA
High-Speed Optical Transceiver Technology for Data Centers (4 Hours)
Biography:
Dr. Ricardo Saad is presently an R&D Director at Lumentum (spin off from JDSU). He is also a faculty in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD). He has been at UTD since 2001. At Lumentum he is presently responsible for the research and development of high-speed optical transceivers for datacenters. He previously work in high-speed tunable transceivers. Dr. Saad has worked for over 25 years in engineering and managerial roles in the development of optical transceivers and subsystems at Alcatel (now Nokia), Tellabs, Finisar, Avanex, Menara Networks, Xtera Communications, JDSU and Harmonics. At UTD, he lectures graduate and undergraduate courses in RF & Microwaves, Optical Communications, Optical Transceiver Design, Analog Circuits, Electromagnetics, and Advance Mathematics.
Dr. Saad has over 20 papers in conferences and journals and he has written two chapters in books. He holds 6 US patents in optical transceiver technology and Raman amplifiers. He was the recipient of the instructor of the year awards in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Dallas in 2010 and 2013.
He received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Toronto in 1996, the MSEE from the University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1989, and the Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the National University at Cordoba, Argentina in 1986.
Abstract:
High-speed optical transceivers are one of the key technologies in the development of modern optical communications systems. The demand for more bandwidth due to the high growth on internet traffic has generated the need for optical transceivers that work at very high speeds. Optical transceivers operating at 400 Gbs and 1 Tbs will be deployed in the near future. Microwaves and high-speed optoelectronics are key technical areas for the development of the next generation optical transceivers. This short course introduces fundamental concepts of high-speed optical transceivers. Topics are presented in a step-by-step approach starting from fundamental electrical engineering concepts. Optical communication concepts are introduced at the beginning of the course to highlight the different applications and requirements for optical transceivers. The operation of key components such as high-speed photodiodes, lasers, electro-absorption and Mach-Zehnder modulators, transimpedance amplifiers, and drivers are introduced from a practical viewpoint. Different optical transceiver architectures and their corresponding implementations are presented. Design and characterization techniques of optical transceivers are reviewed. Impairments on optical transceivers are highlighted. The course concludes presenting different state-of-the art optical transceivers for multiple applications including optical transceiver for data centers.
Course Syllabus:
Fundamental of Optical Communications
- Multimode and single mode fibers
- Multimode and Chromatic dispersion effects.
- Dispersion compensation using optical fibers.
- Attenuation on optical fibers.
- Different bands in optical fibers: O-band, S-band, C-band, L-band.
- Standard optical frequencies in optical communications.
- Non-linearities in optical fibers.
- Brief description of optical amplifiers
- Basic optical communication system configurations
Optical Transceiver Architecture
- General Architecture of Optical Transceivers
- Multisource Agreement Form Factors.
Photodetectors
- Photodetection Process
- Responsivity, quantum efficiency, dark current definitions.
- PIN Phododetector: operation, electrical model
- Avalanche photodetectors (APD), operation, electrical model.
- PIN and APD photodetectors specifications.
- Characterization of photodetectors.
- Examples of commercially available photodetectors.
Modeling of Optical Receivers
- Noise in electronic circuits.
- Noise in linear circuits.
- Noise theory applied to optical receivers.
- PIN noise model.
- APD noise model.
- Basic architecture of optical receives.
- Bit error rate, Q-factor definition.
- Relationship between sensitivity and extinction ratio, noise, and bit error rate.
- Effect of threshold adjustment on the performance of optical receivers.
- Effect of finite rise time in optical receiver sensitivity. Optical dispersion effect.
- Basic configuration of optical receivers
- Main specification of optical receivers
- Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly (ROSA ) examples.
Transimpedance Amplifier- Post Amplifiers
- Transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) specifications
- Linear transimpedance amplifier-Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
- Limiting transimpedance amplifiers (LA)
- Architectures of transimpedance amplifiers
- FETs and BJT front-ends for transimpedance amplifier.
- Post-amplifier specifications
- Examples of commercially available TIAs, LA and AGC amplifiers.
Lasers
- Absorption, spontaneous emission, andstimulated emission
- Fabry-Perot cavity.
- Principle of operation of lasers.
- Fabry-Perot laser operation
- DFB and DBR laser operation
- VCSEL operations
- Tunable laser operation
- Examples of commercially available lasers.
Optical Transmitters
- Architecture of optical transmitters
- Transmitter specifications
- Direct modulated transmitters
- External modulated transmitters: Electro-absorption and Mach-Zehnder modulators.
- RF & microwave drivers for optical transmitters
- Transmitter utilizing thermo-electric coolers/heaters.
Optical Transceiver architectures for different Form factors
- Multisource Agreements (MSA) for 10 Gbs transceivers
- Architecture and operation of10 Gbs optical transceivers
- Examples of 10 Gbs optical transceivers.
- MSAs for 100 Gbs transceivers
- Architecture and operation of 100 Gbs optical transceivers.
- Effect of dispersion on bit error rate performance.
- Transceivers under low optical signal to noise ratio: effect on the BER performance.
- Optical transceivers with clock data recovery (CDR)
- Optical transceivers with forward error correction (FEC)
Test Methodologies for Optical Transceivers
- Optical characterization
- Electrical characterization
Impairments in Optical Transceivers
- Optical impairments
- Electrical impairments
Application for Optical Transceivers
- Telecommunications
- Datacom and data centers
- Passive Optical Networks.
- Examples of optical transceiver for different applications.
Importance of this short course:
High-speed optical transceivers are presently working at microwave frequencies. In the next few years, 400 Gbs and 1 Tbs optical transceiver will be developed due to the demand of more bandwidth for internet applications. As such high-speed electronic (RF & Microwaves) components will be developed. The development of those components required RF & Microwave knowledge as well as a detail understanding of high-speed optoelectronics. Presently, some major Microwave-core companies are designing microwave components for high-speed optical transceivers. In general, there is not a full understanding within microwave companies on what to develop for the next generation optical transceivers. Also, optoelectronics components do not have a clear understanding on the capabilities of microwave technology. This is because standard electrical engineering curriculum does not integrate both areas of electrical engineering. The main objective of this course is to introduce to the attendees the fundamentals topics related to optoelectronics and high-speed optical transceiver.
Previous Experience teaching short courses:
He taught short courses (1-week long each) on high-speed optical receivers and high-speed optical transmitters (as separate topics) and on optical communications for Finisar corporation engineers in Ipoh, Malaysia, between 2006 and 2009. He had also given some lecturers on optical transceivers at JDSU (now Lumentum) in an effort to train engineering resources of the company. He also created and lectured once a year a graduate course on high speed optical transceivers (EEOP6338 High-Speed Optical Transmitters and Receivers) since 2013 in the Department of Electrical Engineers. The objective of the course is to prepare engineers that are capable to understand high-speed optical transceiver technology which requires a deep understanding in communications, optoelectronics, and RF & Microwaves. A similar course to the one that he is proposing was taught at IEEE International Symposium in Microwaves, May 2016 in San Francisco. This was an invited short course by the Short Course Committee.
Short Course Learning Objectives and Outcomes:
- Ability to understand optical communications concepts related to optical transceiver design.
- Ability to understand high-speed optical receivers circuits and architectures
- Ability to apply noise theory to optical receivers and its relationship with sensitivity.
- Ability to understand different photodetectors and its application in optical transceivers
- Ability to understand transimpedance, limiting and AGC amplifiers.
- Ability to understand high-speed optical transmitter circuits and architectures.
- Ability to understand different laser types and their operations and applications.
- Ability to understand internal and external modulation in optical transmitters (i.e. electro-absorption and Mach-Zehnder Modulators).
- Ability to understand impairments in optical transceivers.
- Ability to understand latest technologies in the design of high-speed optical transceivers.
Method of Presentation:
The short course is presented using Power Point slides. Some videos or demonstrations in internet are presented to complement the material. The material is presented assuming no prior knowledge of the audience on optical transceivers. As such, fundamental material relevant to optical transceivers is presented in step-by-step approach. Since he has been working in (and also teaching) these technologies for many years, he has a sense on the difficulties that attendees without prior experience in optical transceivers may have. The material is presented in a clear and systematic approach. Fundamental concepts are introduced first, and then it is followed by basic applications and then, once the attendees have a clear understanding of the topics under discussion, state-of-the art applications are introduced.
Material to be distributed to the Attendees:
Copies of the slides presented in the course are available to the attendees. That material can be either provided as a hardcopy or softcopy. He believes hardcopy versions are more efficient since attendees can take notes for each slide. For the hardcopy version of the slides, he recommends one slide per page with space (about ½ page) for the attendees to take notes. He is flexible on this to attend the requirements for short courses of the conference.